What this really means is, "don't misrepresent G-d."
How do you even know if someone IS misrepresenting G-d? Well the relevant interaction here is between the person who speaks and G-d, and of course G-d knows the truth of the matter, so if someone says, "making giant statues of Satan's wee wee and bowing down to them is godly," it is absolutely irrelevant whether anyone believes him or even if everyone believes him. Even if that were completely accepted and normal, G-d knows the difference and will not hold blameless one who distorts His teaching so.
On a trivial level this is pretty straightforward. Don't intentionally misrepresent G-d's teaching. But did G-d only mean intentional and conscious lying about Himself?
When you start to wade into this Commandment, you start getting in deep waters pretty quickly. How much of what we are taught, by wise and pious leaders I am not doubting, is actually dead wrong? They are not I am sure intentionally distorting anything. They received falsehood along with the truth, and now are passing it on to you. I personally believe this is essentially institutional in Christianity, and likely is in the other Abrahimic religions. You pass along the received truth and the received falsehood alike. The clarity and force of the original teaching is lost.
Who is responsible for sorting the wheat from the chaff here? You are. This means you can never accept received wisdom unquestioningly. You must question it. If you question it with a worldly mind, of course you will draw worldly conclusions and probably forget about the whole thing and probably go to a bar for a drink. If on the other hand you truly want the truth about G-d's teaching and pray to G-d for a true understanding of His teaching to Mankind, you will begin to remove the weeds of past human tradition. G-d is not unwilling to teach you. What you require, however, is a mind and heart that loves G-d first and with all its strength. If you regard other things as more important, you will understand a distorted teaching because your sin and weaknesses will distort it.
We see this a lot in mainstream Christianity, particularly Protestant Christianity. Some of the ways that G-d challenges human sin are unpopular, so those churches completely ignore such teachings. Some of the things G-d asks are hard or at least inconvenient, like observing the Sabbath, so we don't want to do them. The more such weaknesses dominate your life and mind, the harder it will be for you to understand a true teaching.
Why is easy grace such a popular thing in Christianity, especially Protestantism? That derives from a simple and common fact: people acknowledge that certain behaviors are sinful, but they don't want to stop doing them. Many otherwise conservative Protestants will acknowledge that something like pornography is harmful, but when they watch it anyway, they will rationalize that their intentions are not evil. Just their actions. This is a psychological disconnect that nowhere belongs in the true understanding of G-d's teaching. You are what you do, what you actually do speaks to where your heart is. You don't get to claim, as St. Paul does, that you don't really mean it and you don't want to. You want to, or you wouldn't do it.
However, we must take hope in the fact that G-d will give us true knowledge if we truly want it and if we won't put our own weaknesses and sins and desires in the way of receiving it. King Solomon became a king when he was young, and he was overwhelmed by the difficulties and magnitude of his duties. He asked G-d for wisdom:
"Now, Lord my God, you have made your servant king in place of my father David. But I am only a little child and do not know how to carry out my duties. Your servant is here among the people you have chosen, a great people, too numerous to count or number. So give your servant a discerning heart to govern your people and to distinguish between right and wrong. For who is able to govern this great people of yours?”
The Lord was pleased that Solomon had asked for this. So God said to him, “Since you have asked for this and not for long life or wealth for yourself, nor have asked for the death of your enemies but for discernment in administering justice, I will do what you have asked. I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be. Moreover, I will give you what you have not asked for—both wealth and honor—so that in your lifetime you will have no equal among kings. And if you walk in obedience to me and keep my decrees and commands as David your father did, I will give you a long life."
~1 Kings 3:7-14
There is also another historically significant aspect to this commandment, which is essentially "don't tell G-d what to do." In ancient times, people would invoke the name of their gods in their battles with enemies. "May G-d strike you!" or even "G-d will strike you!" In the Psalms you actually see a lot of instances where the psalmists are asking G-d to smite on people or saying G-d will smite on people, or even complaining to G-d that He didn't smite on someone. This is not something that happens a lot these days.
It is totally legitimate to ask G-d to protect you or to protect others. As the quote from 1 Kings above suggests though, it actually isn't very kosher to ask G-d to unload some whupass on someone in particular. You have no idea what the Lord's intentions are towards that person or what His plan is.
While ordinary cussing is a nasty habit and unbecoming, and I do it all the time so I am very guilty of it, it is not specifically what is meant in this Commandment. It is essentially saying that G-d says something he doesn't say, that G-d's teaching is something that it is not, or that G-d intends something He doesn't intend.
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